The Great Warming By Brian Fagan - 1842 Words

The Great Warming by Brian Fagan claims that environmental changes (most commonly prolonged droughts, El Nià ±os, and La Nià ±as during the Medieval Warm Period) affect human civilization, including human’s trading abilities, overall movement, and quality of life. He examines the world’s ancient climate warming, known as the Medieval Warming, between the 10th and the 15th centuries, also mentioning the preceding and succeeding centuries. Fagan gathers his research using studies conducted by archaeologists, historians, and paleoclimatologists. Throughout his book, he refers to direct methods to study climate change, such as instrument records and historical documents, and indirect methods, such as ice, deep sea cores, coral records, and tree rings. Fagan digs into the rise and fall of multiple civilizations around the world as an effect of The Medieval Warming Period. As well as examining civilizations across the world, he attempts to connect the climate change pattern s during The Medieval Warming Period to the current global warming faced today. The Great Warming discusses positive and negative connections between climate change and human civilizations across the world, starting in Europe and working its way into Asia, North America, South America, Africa, and even covering the arctic ice caps; however, throughout the book, Fagan has a hard time connecting his various ideas back to one main topic and can easily stray from his point about the effects of climate change. The bookShow MoreRelatedThe Great Warming By Brian Fagan1073 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Warming is a book written by Brian Fagan that encompasses the environment and history pertaining to most of the human race between A.D. 800 and 1300. Not only does the book give a new dimension to world history by looking at climate history, but it also provides the reader with an ominous warning of the impact that climate change may have on the human race in the future. Fagan references many civilizations in the book that were affected by the rise in surface temperatures. He goes in depthRead MoreAnalysis Of Maya s The Maya 942 Words   |  4 Pagessurmised. Contacts: Dr. Sebastian Breintenbach http://www.esc.cam.ac.uk/directory/sebastian-franz-martin-breitenbach Dr. Douglas Kennett http://php.scripts.psu.edu/dept/liberalarts/sites/kennett/djkennett/home.php Resources: The Great Warming By Brian Fagan Collapse By Jared Diamond Read MoreHow Did The Construction Of The Angkor State Lead A Collapse?1040 Words   |  5 Pagesreligious monument in history, Angkor Wat, was created under the rule of Suryavarman II. It was built as a shrine to Lord Vishnu, preserver of the universe. There were also large shrines to house the divine phallus of each god-king (Ancient Lives, Brian M. Fagan). Religion was a key component of making the Khmer Empire a prosperous kingdom politically. The god-kings’ divine power was reliant upon the faith of Angkor’s inhabitants, and a strong hold on the Khmer empire’s center – the megacity of Angkor

Germany And The World War II - 1553 Words

Germany was left leaderless and was falling apart. The once glorious Fatherland was turning into the â€Å"ghetto† country of the world. Because Germany was still left with war crimes from the First World War, and about a decade later Germany and a lot of the world was affected by a worldwide Great Depression. Hitler started gaining high respect of the German people and saw that the country was leaderless. He took the role as the most persuasive and bold figure that Germany needed at the time of great need. Hitler built Germany up from a â€Å"ghetto† to an almost â€Å"perfect† country. At the time he had formed a top of the line army that was looked at as one of the best armies in the world. He was hungry for more power and a lot more land. World War†¦show more content†¦From May 28 through the 31 in 1940 there were 40,000 men remaining of the once formidable French army. These troops fought to delay the German armies who were trying to stop the evacua tion. The French forces had to hold back the German army, which consisted of seven German divisions, and three armored divisions for nine grueling days. Over a nine-day period a total of 338,226 soldiers had to be evacuated from Dunkirk with the help of about 800 boats. After the Soviet Union aided Germany in the attack of Poland the Soviets soon set off for Finland. â€Å"Jan 12th – World War II: Soviets Bomb cities in Finland† (â€Å"Today in History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). The Soviet Union army possessed more than three times as many soldiers, thirty times as many aircraft, and three hundred times as many tanks. Finland’s capital city Helsinki was the first to be bombed in the Soviet air raids. The Soviets had no high value targets in Finland so the Soviets chose to bomb Finnish railroads. Within hours after the railways were bombed the Finns had them up and fully operational. As the Soviets headed north threw the ice to Finland, the Germans headed for the frozen fjords of Norway and Sweden. â€Å"Apr 8th – Germany’s battle cruisers sink British aircraft carrier Glorious† (â€Å"Today in History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ).The German navy heading to take Norway encountered the British navy who came to assist the Norwegian resistance

Religious Similarities and Differences Free Essays

string(570) " small group of people to achieve redemption\? Another issue of exclusivity is that if one had to come across an individual who we as imperfect individuals would consider a saint but that person isn’t part of our religion, do we then say that such a person will go to hell because he wasn’t of Christian faith\? An advantage of this approach would ultimately be for one’s own satisfaction, due to the fact that by not worrying about all the other variety of possible religions being true and that an individual could just be content with one religion\." Introduction When looking at the various differences and similarities among the different religions, a question arises whether there is a possibility that all of them could be true. I follow one of the many religions that exist in our world and I always wonder how we are supposed to view all of the other traditions that exits? Western religions namely, Christianity and Judaism have something in common, which is the fact that they both believe in a supreme being who has personal attributes whereas Islam which is Middle Eastern believe in a supreme being who created the world in accordance with his Godly purpose.(Rowe 2007, 179) After analysing the differences among the many religions which exist today one arrives at a crucial question which is what has gone wrong with the human life and how can one fix it. We will write a custom essay sample on Religious Similarities and Differences or any similar topic only for you Order Now How does one approach and handle religious belief systems which conflict our own? John Hicks proposed a pluralistic hypothesis, now when taking that into account another questions arises which is whether all belief systems can exist and still be valid alongside one another. This essay attempts to explore a way one can deal with the conflicting truth-claims of different religions as well as examine John Hick’s hypothesis and whether his approach of pluralism would lead to polytheism. Differences among Religions Each faith is basically a reflection of the worldview of the area where it developed. The various religions cosmologies are different which is how they tend to explain the origins of the universe. What each religion emphasizes and their teachers are different such as Buddhism emphasizes letting go of suffering whereas in Christianity they emphasize social action. Judaism is a total life religion, every aspect of life is impacted for example the keeping of food utensils separate. Hinduism is very individualistic, and the expression of faith, practice and beliefs vary from one person to another. Each Religion has a different form of worship. Although Christianity, Judaism and Islamism share the belief in a Perfect being that exists these religions have different notions as to whether ultimate reality is the divine personal God or whether it’s an impersonal absolute as in Hinduism. Different conceptions exist concerning ones destiny and the overall cycle of life and death and whether rebirth does happen. The concept if Jesus differs among religions such as in the Islam faith Jesus is spoken of as a prophet and he himself wasn’t God but in Christianity God is our heavenly father and Jesus Christ. Revelation differs among religions, revelation is contained within the Torah for Judaists, The Bible for Christians, The Vedas for Hindus and The Quran for Muslims. The various religions have different beliefs regarding Sin. Christianity is more conventional in that it believes that all humans are surrounded by sin due to the actions Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. Jesus Christ, representing God then died for the sins of Christians on the cross so that all Christians could achieve salvation. With regards to achieving salvation one needs to establish a relationship with God and worship him as well as remain obedient toward him, and then once one dies they are delivered from sin and receive eternal life. (Rowe 2007, 180) Salvation in terms of Hinduism doesn’t include following a personal God into another life after death has occurred but instead holds that salvation is obtained through the unity with the complete Brahman and freeing oneself from all singular entities in order to become one universal notion in Brahmans light. When looking at a religion, it can either be exclusivist in that it believes only in the beliefs it holds and that the system of belief of other religions are false or a religion can be inclusive in that we should all be accepting of the other belief systems. In terms of a pluralistic method towards religions as John Hicks proposed, all religions are valid and true. Exclusivity When referring to exclusivity when talking about religion, it represents the notion that an individual which follows a particular religion would only believe that which is supported by their religion and the ideas that encourage it. That individual would therefore believe that the truth is within their own religion and that what other religions support and believe cannot also be seen as true as it would then go against what they believe in. (Rowe 2007, 181) For example, me being a Christian believes that when I die I will go to heaven and reach redemption in living how God wanted me too then I cannot also believe that attaining redemption is being one with Brahman as the Hindu’s believe. An exclusivist religion rejects all other religions beliefs that aren’t shared with their own. Therefore what the Muslims might believe as true isn’t supported by other religions such as Judaism. Monotheism which is the belief in only one supreme God which created the heavens and the earth results in an exclusivist religion. Christianity is orthodox as to the fact that it has exclusivity, like the Roman Catholics believe that if an individual is not a member of the church then they will go to hell unless they join before they die. Roman Catholics ultimately believe that one cannot achieve salvation if they separate from the church. (Rowe 2007, 182) With exclusivity there come certain problems such as the fact that people need to be aware of and take into account that many people who have lived and died haven’t followed Christianity. A problem that comes with being an exclusivist is that they hold a narrow mind, which then leads to them have a bad relationship with those who believe in another God, this then causes a social disadvantage. They also need to bear in mind those individuals who lived before Christ and who have followed other dogma’s. Does one then have to conclude that God almighty only intended for a small group of people to achieve redemption? Another issue of exclusivity is that if one had to come across an individual who we as imperfect individuals would consider a saint but that person isn’t part of our religion, do we then say that such a person will go to hell because he wasn’t of Christian faith? An advantage of this approach would ultimately be for one’s own satisfaction, due to the fact that by not worrying about all the other variety of possible religions being true and that an individual could just be content with one religion. You read "Religious Similarities and Differences" in category "Papers" Any person who attempts to make a truth claim, due to the nature of truth, is an exclusivist. Inclusivity As mentioned above, Judaism and Christianity are both exclusive religions, however Islam is not exclusivist but more inclusive as they accept all prophets starting from Adam right up until Muhammad and believe that the Bibles original scriptures being the Torah in its unaltered form is still correct. Inclusivity maintains that everyone should be accepting of other religions and what they stand for. With regards to the problems raised by exclusivity as mentioned above, inclusivity addresses them. In terms of Inclusivity, an exclusivist religion will adjust in order to cope with problems as abovementioned. The Roman Catholics for example, have readjusted their belief that people who don’t belong to the church will not achieve salvation. (Rowe 2007, 183) The readdressed it as then stated that individuals who were unaware of Christianity and its beliefs and the church but live in terms of and search for the supreme God are able to achieve salvation. In terms of the Islam belief, Allah may forgive whoever including those who have no access to the message of God or follow a different religion but still live a virtuous life. Therefore in terms of inclusivity, one may achieve and get salvation even though you are unaware of Christ or Christianity, as a person who follows only one religion, inclusivism allows us to accept those who have no control over the fact that they have had no opportunity to be educated and made aware of Christianity an allows such individuals to also achieve redemption. One cannot discredit other religions believes because we don’t believe in them due to being born somewhere else in a different are and time. Those who follow a different religion should be allowed to achieve redemption by the way in which they believe they will because that is what they know and have been raised to follow just as we were raised to follow Christianity. We should respect their religions just like they should be respectful of ours. However, inclusivity becomes impossible, which is a consequences of the nature of truth claim. This is that whenever one makes a claim, that person is claiming that it is true which ultimately implies that all that which contradicts it is false. One can try to be one hundred percent inclusive but they will never be fully inclusive as it will exclude any person who holds and believes a view contrary to one’s own.   John Hicks Pluralism The hypothesis on Pluralism held by John Hick states that an ultimate reality that all religious systems provide means to achieve doesn’t exist due to the fact that no religion holds direct knowledge of what is meant to be the â€Å"real†. Religions should be seen differently in a way that one can view what is considered the â€Å"real†.(Johnson 1997) When bearing in mind all the religions that exist in the world and everything that each religion holds one starts to doubt each of them. One begins to take a sceptical approach towards religion. When doing so one can view the various religious traditions as illusions which each being created for themselves in their minds. In order to take a more narrow approach, one will then need to regard all religions, except one’s own as an illusion. Due to this it makes more sense to believe that one regards their own religion as the truth or more true than others because it is their own religion in which they have placed all their faith it. (Rowe 2007, 184) One of the reasons why all the different religions have truths that are conflicting with regards to what’s considered the ultimate real is due to the fact that each of them have no direct contact or access to the ultimate reality because it is merely perceived through their religious traditions. (Johnson 1997) Us as individuals and followers of our religions cannot therefore say that our religion of choice is above anyone else’s because we all regard our own religion as what’s the truth before our own God. An individually naturally will favour one’s own perspective and belief as it is the one you chose and put all your faith into. (Heim 1990, 67) The Pluralistic approach held by John Hick is to view each religion equally as each system holds a promise of salvation and promises saving from all wrong in life. The Pluralistic approach is one in which each individual regards all other religious systems as equally valid as one’s own. What each individual believes about their God tend to be mere perceptions of Him. (Hick 1922, 93). In Pluralisms aim to be as inclusive as possible by accepting every religion and their beliefs as long as it benefits their followers it ultimately becomes what it is trying to avoid which is exclusive. Pluralisms exclusivity and inclusivity relies upon what an individual does or doesn’t do whereas in Christianity for example, it relies upon what Christ has done for you as a follower. The inclusiveness of Pluralism originates from the idea that all individuals can be good enough but its exclusivity then originates from the reality of the fact that not every individual will be good enough, pluralism ultimately doesn’t even provide a standard in order for us to measure what good enough entails so how can one even begin to understand it. Religious diversity and Polytheism Polytheism is the belief in or the worship of more than one God, it holds that every divine being present in each different religion are all divine beings and that the belief systems of these religions are considered and seen as true. Polytheism however comes with a problem, it can be rendered void. The reason why it can be rendered void is because within each religion, their divine being that they believe in is regarded, to them, as the only divine being. Therefore, it raises the issue that if that’s the case then they cannot exist alongside each other and be considered as valid. (Rowe 2007, 185) Pluralism established in order to develop a more satisfying and acceptable explanation to one’s belief and perception of what the ultimate reality really is. Due to this establishment of pluralism, one can now say that an individual can undergo some form of transformation and still obtain salvation in any one of the existing religious systems in our world. (Rowe 2007, 187) One tends to doubt this idea of pluralism as to the fact that it is difficult to accept something that one cannot describe and that holds no fundamental properties. Polytheism allows individuals to say and believe that in reality there exists only one God who holds different names according to the different religions. Conclusion If one had to follow an inclusivist approach then you would believe and accept that all religious systems that exist can be accepted as true due to one’s own personal experience whereas in contrast, a strict exclusivist approach holds that only one God exists and all other Gods that exist due to various different religions are false. The Pluralistic approach in terms of John Hick then goes further to conclude that there exists only one God who holds various names which relates to different religions. How can we as individuals know which is correct as all of the above mentioned approaches cannot be correct and true at the same time. It is then crucial to understand that any belief that is claimed to be true should also then be subjected and open to contradiction. The Muslim religion believe that the one and only true God is Allah whereas the Hindu religion believe that there exists more than one God so therefore, it is clear that both these truth-claims claimed by these various religions contradict one another and therefore they both cannot be true at the same time. This also acts as evidential proof the John Hicks pluralism hypothesis also cannot be valid as he ultimately assumes exactly what he’s trying to prove. It is therefore then rational to conclude that our ideas of God are merely a creation which we invented in our imagination in order to make sense of the world and why things happen the way they do as well as to create a form of a â€Å"security blanket† for ourselves to rely on and put all our belief into. The fact that so many religious systems exist in our world shouldn’t be discredited but should be seen as different responses to one ultimate reality. When looking at the different beliefs individuals follow it is crucial to take into consideration ones accidental circumstances that one is born into or lives in. The hypothesis created by John Hick ultimately leads to polytheism as to the fact that all religious systems are able to function alongside one another and still be considered valid and acceptable regardless of the conflicting beliefs they each face. (Hick 1990, 119) One needs to accept all religious systems as valid as each one makes a positive impact on their followers lives, one needs to understand that just as we put our faith into one belief, so do many others even though it might not be the same belief as yours. Just because another individual doesn’t follow the belief you yourself does, it doesn’t make their religion or beliefs false. Just like others accept you and your belief so should you be accepting of theirs as it all comes down to respect. What I believe as true as a Christian doesn’t leave what Muslims believe to be false, and out of respect one needs to accept that not everyone will believe in the same religion and that’s okay, as long as everyone is shown the same respect regarding their beliefs. How to cite Religious Similarities and Differences, Papers

Accomodation management Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Accomodation management. Answer: This report reflects my personal experience and understanding about the outsourcing, planning, controlling, managing the things in an organization, customers, their needs etc. this essay depict all about the accommodation management according to my knowledge and understanding about it. In this essay, reader will get to know about different aspects of above described points. This essay would depict some key steps which a manager must take to ensure the customer needs as well as their satisfaction. Accommodation management is key managing department of a hospitality firm to manage and maintain all the rooms and lobbies of a hotel. This departments main concern is to ensure the satisfaction of customers and fulfill their needs. This department ensures that their hotel run efficiently and the companys standard of maintenance and cleanliness could be upheld. According to my knowledge, the department managers and control over budget and in that budget it also ensures the sustainability of firm (Lamminmaki, 2008). Outsourcing is a contract in which a firm contracts with another firm and passes some of its work to another firm for the purpose of saving the time, cost or provide the higher quality product to customers. It has been analyzed by me that outsourcing is one of the best way for effective cost saving and improving the efficiency of the company. According to my understanding and readings, I have examined that outsourcing is a vital options as due to this option company could not only reduce the extra cost but as well as the time could also be saved by the company and efficiency of the company could also enhanced (Lamminmaki, 2011). A company must choose it so that it could focus on its core operations and thus the company could experience a growth. There are so many benefits of outsourcing such as the labor cost could be reduced, capital could be appraised, customers might get super quality product, company could get some benefits of re-engineering, company could save the time to focus over core product, it helps the company to reduce the risk as well as enhance the customer satisfaction. Thus it could be said that the outsourcing is a viable solution for every company especially in accommodation management of a company (Espino-Rodrguez and Padrn-Robaina, 2005). It is not easy for me to analyze the departments of a hotel which could be outsourced. Actually it totally depends over the firm and pressure on it. Like in peak season company do outsource some of its department to manage the staff and enhance the satisfaction of customer whereas according to a study over a hotel by me, I have found that there are huge fixed cost of a hotel as whether guest come or not but the hotel have to pay to its staff, so it is better for the hotel to outsource some of its department and whenever needed take a help of it and pay accordingly (Gibson and Earley, 2007). A hotel could outsource housekeeping department, security department, online booking department, customer support department etc to mitigate the risk, cost saving, less time consumption and for customer satisfaction. These departments are the most cost consuming department of a hotel and if a hotel do outsource of this departments than the losses could be overcome by the hotel on a huge level (Roessler and Rubin, 2006). There are huge benefits for a hotel behind outsourcing these departments. The main benefits a company could enjoy after outsourcing some of its department are reduction in the total fixed cost of the company as company need not to hire staff for the work and whenever needed, it could ask for the contracted party to do that work. Another benefit of outsourcing is that better quality of products and services could be offered by the hotel to its guest as the contracted party would be professional in that particular task and thus the professional services would be given by them. Outsourcing has some disadvantages too. As it becomes hard for the hotel to make control over outsourced departments as that people do work according to their understanding only. This also makes it difficult for the hotel to control over the quality (Shang, Hung and Wang, 2008). The another disadvantages of outsourcing is lack of alignment as due to outsourcing it becomes difficult for the company to align the strategic aspects and objective correctly. There are many other disadvantages has also studied by me in hotel due to outsource its services to other companies. Such as security issues, lose control, risk, understanding etc. thus it has been understood by me that outscoring has some advantages as well as disadvantages. A hotel must review on both of them and then take the decisions accordingly. Planning and controlling is the main pillar of every management. This pillar decides the strategy a hotel must use to achieve the objectives and controlling helps the hotel to identify the reasons behind the differences on actual and expected result. Planning is an action for future to determine the future course of action of hotel. This process is the main steps of the organization process which involves that why this action must be involve and how to involve that particular action and at what time the action must be taken. Controlling is the last step of organizational process which is the essential step to continue this process. This step involves the action like check the process of task against the plans that might need some modification according to the feedback. Many issues could be faced by a hotel according to my understanding due to influence in planning and controlling. If a hotel take influences while planning the strategy and action which must be involved while implementing the plan than many issues could be faced by the company. Such as company could face some issues in management and some actions could be choose by the company according to the external factors rather than considering the internal factors. The contributing influence from outsiders could make an impact over the internal factors of the hotel as they are not aware from the internal fluctuations of the hotel and thus the influence of theirs could also demotivated the companys staff. The influence of professionals from outside could also affect the objectives of the company and strategy of the company. Thus the risk would be higher and the cost could also enhance due to their influence. If a hotel take influences while controlling over the actions of the company which were involved at the time of implementing the plan, organizing and leading the plan than many issues could be faced by the company. Such as company could face some issues in management and some actions could be choose by the company due to considering the external factors rather than internal factors (Lockyer, 2005). The contributing influence from outsiders could make an impact over the internal factors of the hotel as they are not aware from the internal fluctuations of the hotel and thus the influence of theirs could also demotivated the companys staff. The influence of professionals from outside could also affect the objectives of the company and strategy of the company. Thus the risk would be higher and the cost could also enhance due to their influence. Thus it has been analyzed by me that the external influences could help the management to make some better decisions but it also raise some issues in front of the accommodation management which could be harmful for the management as well as the other staff members of the company. Thus I do suggest to the hotel management to take influences after considering all the internal as well as external factors of the firm (Lin, Chen and Chang, 2011). Customers are the person who buys services or products from a company. In accommodation management, customers are the one who comes in the hotel to stays in the hotel and buys services from the hotel. The primary goal of accommodation management is to enhance the customers base by offering them the best quality products and services in economic price. Customers satisfaction is the primary goal of a company as only of a customer get satisfied than he will come again to enjoy the services of the company again and will do mouth publicity in public. In the current market scenario where competition is on highest, understanding your customers becomes essential. Understanding the customers is important as it offers more revenue and certainty to hotel, organization are totally dependent on the customers, without the customer an organization could not exist. Thus it becomes important for the organization to understand its customers. A customer could only be satisfied and loyal if the customers need could be understand by the organization and fulfill it according to their wishes. Customers satisfaction is important as if offers the business owners and marketers a metric which could be used by them to manage and enhance the profitability of the hotel. It is quite cheap for an organization to retain the customers than acquire the new customers and for retaining the customers, it become important for the organization to understand their needs. I have analyzed a nearby hotel of mine and have studied over its accommodation management to understand that what steps their manager take to ensure that their customers need has been fulfilled. Following steps has been analyzed over there. These are: online services, invite customer suggestions, effective customer care, set up an effective channel for communication, carrying the internal audits out, set up some regulations, establish an system of effective management, personal appraisal, employee participation, strategic planning and personnel motivate. The above described steps are the main steps which could be used by every accommodation manager to ensure that in his hotel all the need of the guest has been ensured and fulfilled. In the above steps the strategy, objective and training of the staff is done in such a way that the customers get satisfied and feel happy after using the services of that accommodation (Hughes, 2006). It becomes important for a accommodation manager to identify that how the customer has felt in their hotel and according to it, manager could implement some action to enhance the services of the company. I have analyzed that the below described Steps must be taken by the accommodation manager to ensure the positive experience of customers (Shackley, 2009). Take the feedback of customers, conduce a online survey, create an emotional connection with them and ask them about the services of the company, be polite and ask them about any problem which they have faced while accommodate in hotel, take the feedback in real time, measure the ROI, analyze the expressions of the customer. These are some ways through which a manager could understand the feedback of the customer and the manager must work according to the feedback to enhance the customer satisfaction so that the profitability of the hotel could enhance (Guilding, Warnken, Ardill and Fredline, 2005). Through the above study, I have found that the accommodation management is the essential pillar of a hotel to reduce the risk, enhance the profitability, increase the customer base, grab the market share, satisfy the customer etc. I have found through this study that how an organization must take decisions regarding the outsourcing, influence in planning and controlling etc. Many important factors of accommodation management have been studied in this paper to analyze the role of accommodation management department in a hotel. References: Espino-Rodrguez, T.F. and Padrn-Robaina, V., 2005. A resource-based view of outsourcing and its implications for organizational performance in the hotel sector. Tourism Management, 26(5), pp.707-721. Gibson, C.B. and Earley, P.C., 2007. Collective cognition in action: Accumulation, interaction, examination, and accommodation in the development and operation of group efficacy beliefs in the workplace. Academy of management review, 32(2), pp.438-458. Guilding, C., Warnken, J., Ardill, A. and Fredline, L., 2005. An agency theory perspective on the owner/manager relationship in tourism-based condominiums. Tourism Management, 26(3), pp.409-420. Hughes, M., 2006. Change management. Chartered Institute of Personnel Development. Lamminmaki, D., 2008. Accounting and the management of outsourcing: An empirical study in the hotel industry. Management Accounting Research, 19(2), pp.163-181. Lamminmaki, D., 2011. An examination of factors motivating hotel outsourcing. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), pp.963-973. Lin, L.Z., Chen, W.C. and Chang, T.J., 2011. Using FQFD to analyze island accommodation management in fuzzy linguistic preferences. Expert Systems with applications, 38(6), pp.7738-7745. Lockyer, T., 2005. The perceived importance of price as one hotel selection dimension. Tourism Management, 26(4), pp.529-537. Roessler, R.T. and Rubin, S.E., 2006. Case management and rehabilitation counseling: Procedures and techniques. PRO-ED, Inc. 8700 Shoal Creek Blvd, Austin, TX 78757. Shackley, M., 2009. Visitor management. Routledge. Shang, J.K., Hung, W.T. and Wang, F.C., 2008. Service outsourcing and hotel performance: three-stage DEA analysis. Applied Economics Letters, 15(13), pp.1053-1057