Sophocles Oedipus Summary

Originally performed at the ​City Dionysia, probably in the second year of the Athenian Plague -- 429 B.C., Sophocles Oedipus Tyrannos (frequently Latinized as Oedipus Rex) won second prize. We dont have the play that won first to compare, but Oedipus Tyrannos is considered by many to be the best Greek tragedy. Overview The city of Thebes wants its rulers to fix its current problem, an outbreak of divinely-sent pestilence. Prophecies reveal the means to the end, but Oedipus the ruler, who is committed to the cause of Thebes, doesnt realize he is at the root of the problem. The tragedy shows his gradual awakening. Structure of Oedipus Tyrannos Prologue (1-150)Parodos (151-215)First Episode (216-462)First Stasimon (463-512)Second Episode (513-862) Kommos (649-697)Second Stasimon (863-910)Third Episode (911-1085)Third Stasimon (1086-1109)Fourth Episode (1110-1185)Fourth Stasimon (1186-1222)Exodus (1223-1530) Source: Oedipus Tyrannos edited by by R.C. Jebb The divisions of ancient plays were marked by interludes of choral odes. For this reason, the first song of the chorus is called the parodos (or eisodos because the chorus enters at this time), although the subsequent ones are called stasima, standing songs. The episodes, like acts, follow the parados and stasima. The exodus is the final, leaving-the-stage choral ode. The kommos is an interchange between chorus and actors. See List of the Components of Greek Tragedy Prologue 1-150.(Priest, Oedipus, Creon) The priest summarizes the dismal plight of Thebes. Creon says the oracle of Apollo says the defiler responsible for the pestilence will have to be banished or pay with blood, since the crime was one of blood -- the killing of Oedipus predecessor, Laius. Oedipus promises to work for revenge, which satisfies the priest. Parodos 151-215.The chorus summarizes the plight of Thebes and says it is fearful of what is to come. First Episode 216-462.(Oedipus, Tiresias) Oedipus says he will support the cause of finding the killer just as if Laius had been his own father. He curses those who will hinder the investigation. The chorus suggests he call on the soothsayer Tiresias. Tiresias enters led by a boy. Tiresias asks what hes been summoned for and when he hears he makes enigmatic statements about his wisdom not helping. The comments anger Oedipus. Tiresias tells Oedipus that he, Oedipus, is the defiler. Oedipus suggests that Tiresias is in cahoots with Creon, but Tiresias insists Oedipus is all to blame. Oedipus says that he didnt ask for the crown, it was given him as a result of solving the riddle of the Sphinx and so ridding the city of its problems. Oedipus wonders why Tiresias didnt solve the Sphinxs riddle if hes such a good soothsayer and says theyre scapegoating him. He then taunts the blind seer. Tiresias says Oedipus taunts about his blindness will come back to haunt him. When Oedipus orders Tiresias to leave, Tiresias reminds him he didnt want to come, but only came because Oedipus insisted. Oedipus asks Tiresias who his parents were. Tiresias replies that hell learn soon enough. Tiresias riddles that the defiler appears to be an alien, but is a native Theban, brother, and father to his own children, and will leave Thebes as a beggar. Oedipus and Tiresias exit. First Stasimon 463-512.(Consisting of two strophes and the responsive antistrophes) The chorus describes the dilemmas, a man was named who is now trying to escape his fate. While Tiresias is mortal and can have made a mistake, the gods cant have done so. Second Episode 513-862.(Creon, Oedipus, Jocasta) Creon argues with Oedipus about whether or not he is trying to steal the throne. Jocasta comes in and tells the men to stop fighting and go home. The chorus urges Oedipus not to condemn a man who has always been honorable solely on the basis of a rumor. Creon exits. Jocasta wants to know what the men were arguing about. Oedipus says Creon accused him of shedding Laius blood. Jocasta says seers arent infallible. She relates a story: Seers told Laius that he would be killed by a son, but they pinned the babys feet together and left him to die on a mountain, so Apollo didnt make the son kill his father. Oedipus begins to see the light, asks for confirming details and says he thinks he has condemned himself with his curses. He asks who told Jocasta about Laius death at the junction of three roads. She replies it was a slave who is no longer at Thebes. Oedipus asks Jocasta to summon him. Oedipus tells his story, as he knows it: He was the son of Polybus of Corinth and Merope, or so he thought until a drunk told him he was illegitimate. He went to Delphi to learn the truth, and there heard that he would kill his father and sleep with his mother, so he left Corinth for good, coming to Thebes, where he has been since. Oedipus wants to know one thing from the slave -- whether it was true that Laius men were beset by a band of robbers or was it by a single man, since if it was a band, Oedipus will be in the clear. Jocasta says thats not the only point that should clear Oedipus -- her son had been killed in infancy, but she sends for the witness, anyway. Iocasta and Oedipus exit. Second Stasimon 863-910. The chorus sings of pride coming before a fall. It also says that the oracles must come true or he will never believe them again. Third Episode 911-1085.(Jocasta, Shepherd Messenger from Corinth, Oedipus) Recommended reading: Undoing in Sophoclean Drama: Lusis and the Analysis of Irony, by Simon Goldhill; Transactions of the American Philological Association (2009) Jocasta enters. She says she wants permission to go as a suppliant to a shrine because Oedipus fear has been contagious. A Corinthian Shepherd messenger enters. The messenger asks for the house of Oedipus and is told by the chorus which mentions that the woman standing there is the mother of Oedipus children. The messenger says the king of Corinth has died and Oedipus is to be made a king. Oedipus enters. Oedipus learns that his father died of old age without Oedipus help. Oedipus tells Jocasta he must still fear the part of the prophecy about sharing his mothers bed. The Corinthian messenger tries to persuade Oedipus to return home to Corinth with him, but Oedipus declines, so the messenger assures Oedipus he has nothing to fear from the oracle since the Corinthian king was not his father by blood. The Corinthian messenger was the shepherd who had presented the infant Oedipus to King Polybus. He had received the infant Oedipus from a Theban herdsman in the woods of Mt. Cithaeron. The Corinthian messenger-shepherd claims to have been Oedipus savior since he had taken out the pin that held the babys ankles together. Oedipus asks if anyone knows whether the Theban herdsman is around. The chorus tells him Jocasta would know best, but Jocasta asks him to give it up. When Oedipus insists, she says her last words to Oedipus (part of Oedipus curse was that no one should talk with those who brought the pestilence on Thebes, but as well soon see, its not just that curse shes responding to). Jocasta exits. Oedipus says Jocasta may be worried that Oedipus is baseborn. Third Stasimon 1086-1109. The chorus sings that Oedipus will acknowledge Thebes as his home. This short stasimon is called the cheerful chorus. For interpretation, see: The Third Stasimon of the Oedipus TyrannosDavid SansoneClassical Philology (1975). Fourth Episode 1110-1185.(Oedipus, Corinthian Shepherd, former Theban shepherd) Oedipus says he sees a man old enough to be the Theban herdsman. The former Theban herdsman enters. Oedipus asks the Corinthian herdsman if the man who has just entered is the man he referred to. The Corinthian herdsman says he is. Oedipus asks the newcomer if he was once in the employ of Laius. He says he was, as a shepherd, who led his sheep on Mt. Cithaeron, but he doesnt recognize the Corinthian. The Corinthian asks the Theban if he remembers having given him a baby. He then says the baby is now King Oedipus. The Theban curses him. Oedipus scolds the old Theban man and orders his hands tied, at which point the Theban agrees to answer the question, which is whether he had given the Corinthian herdsman a baby. When he agrees, Oedipus asks where he got the baby, to which the Theban reluctantly says the house of Laius. Further pressed, he says it was probably Laius son, but Jocasta would know better since it was Jocasta who gave the child to him to dispose of because the prophecies told that that child would kill its father. Oedipus says hes been accursed and will see no more. Fourth Stasimon 1186-1222. The chorus comments on how no man should be counted blessed because bad fortune may be just around the corner. Exodos 1223-1530.(2nd Messenger, Oedipus, Creon) Messenger enters. He says Jocasta has killed herself. Oedipus finds her hanging, takes one of her brooches and pokes out his own eyes. Now he is having trouble because he needs assistance, yet wants to leave Thebes. The chorus wants to know why he blinded himself. Oedipus says it was Apollos he and his family suffer, but it was his own hand that did the blinding. He calls himself thrice cursed. He says if he could make himself deaf, too, he would. The chorus tells Oedipus that Creon approaches. Since Oedipus had falsely accused Creon, he asks what he should say. Creon enters. Creon tells Oedipus he isnt there to scold him. Creon tells the attendants to take Oedipus out of sight. Oedipus asks Creon to do him a favor that will help Creon -- to banish him. Creon says he could have done that, but hes not sure its the gods will. Oedipus asks to live on Mt. Cithaeron where he was supposed to have been cast. He asks Creon to look after his children. Attendants bring in Oedipus daughters Antigone and Ismene. Oedipus tells his daughters they have the same mother. He says no one is likely to want to marry them. He asks Creon to pity them, especially since they are kin. Although Oedipus wants to be banished, he doesnt want to leave his children. Creon tells him not to try to continue to be master. The chorus reiterates that no man should be counted happy until the end of his life. The End.

Project Management Plan - 2207 Words

Project Management Plan Bruce Peters CPMGT 201 November 8, 2014 Thomas Ach The project management plan is a document that companies project manager will build to help them describe in more detail the planning of all their projects and the company itself. It can be a formal document that is used by managers to manage the project execution. The project management plan documents all the actions that will define, integrate, prepare, and coordinate the planning activities. It also will define how the company projects are executed, controlled, monitored, and closed out. This plan is also used as a communication that will help in ensuring main stakeholders what is going on in the project. I will be developing a project†¦show more content†¦The finished human resource plan structure will consist of roles and responsibilities, staffing management, and the organization charts. Role and responsibilities will be defined so everyone will know their role and responsibilities in the project. 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International Business Marketing Strategies

Question: Discuss about the International Business for Marketing Strategies. Answer: Introduction In this assignment the researcher has selected two companies from Electronics industry. The two companies of Electronics industry are Samsung and Apple. Both the organizations are competitors of each other. Two companies have taken different decisions in different time horizon to make their products successful. The decisions have both bad and good effects on the functioning of the organizations. In this assignment the researcher has thoroughly discussed the marketing activities of the organizations. The researcher has also found out the competitive advantage of the organizations. Background of Samsung Samsung is a Korean multinational company and has been successful in the field of Electronics industry (Samsung 2016). The organization has started its business in the year 1939 as a trading company. Samsung was founded by Mr. Lee Byung-chul. In the year 1988 Samsung has started its business in the field of Electronics industry (Samsung 2016). The head office of the organization is situated at Suwon in South Korea. Samsung produces different types of Electronics products like mobile phones, television, laptop, LED and tablets. The organization has also diversified its products and produces home appliances (Samsung 2016). Samsung has spread its business across the world and is the second largest company in the field of electronics technology. Samsung has employee strength of over three million and generates revenue of two hundred trillion South Korean won (Samsung 2016). The mission of the organization is to create a brand image of their product. Samsung's main objective is to produce the new mobile phone with latest technology and softwares (Samsung 2016). The vision of the organization is to inspire the world and create a new future. Background of Apple Apple is an American multinational company. The organization was founded by Mr. Steve Jobs in the year 1976 (Apple 2016). The organization mainly focuses on the production of Computer hardware, computer software and consumer electronics. The head office of the organization is situated at Cupertino in California. Apple also produces Smartphone and iPhone. The organization has its business worldwide and has employee strength of over one hundred million. The organization generates revenue over 233 billion US dollars (Apple 2016). Apple is also declared as the worlds largest information technology company in terms of revenues generation. The mission statement of the organization is to produce the best personal computers in the world. Apple has created the revolution in the field of digital music by the installation of iTunes and iPods (Apple 2016). The vision statement of the Apple Inc is to produce products which are simple and can win the hearts of the people. The mission and vision statement of the organization also motivates the employees to provide their best output (Apple 2016). All these have made Apple an efficient player in the field of the electronics industry. Decision of the organization Decision of Samsung As stated by Ahmed and Rahman (2015), the top management of Samsung has taken effective decision to make the product successful. The organization has effectively managed their human resources and technology to make the organization successful. Samsung has introduced standardized development system to increase the speed of work. The design section of the organization is always involved in producing latest models and softwares to capture a maximum of the market share. As stated by Azadi and Rahimzadeh (2012), the organization has ventured into a new market to increase their volume of sale. Promotional strategies of the organization have also helped the organization to be successful. Along with these in the new market, the organization follows market penetration pricing strategy which increases the sale of the organization. Samsung has also launched a sabbatical program which has made the organization successful over the years. Table 1: Success Graph of Samsung (Source: Samsung 2016) The decisions are also not suitable for Samsung in all respect. Samsung has not introduced Samsung Galaxy Note 5 in Europe. Samsung Galaxy Note 5 was the best product of the organization and was a versatile product. Commercially the product has been successful across the globe (Gatautis and Vitkauskaite 2014). Instead, Samsung launched Galaxy S6 in Europe which was a complete failure. This decision of not launching Samsung Galaxy Note 5 was a serious challenge for Samsung. Samsung also launched mini smartphone trend which was also a serious challenge for Samsung. Along with these Samsung has copied the product of Apple in 2015. Samsung Galaxy S6 was copied from Apple INC, and the company has faced a huge penalty for this activity. Decision of Apple Apple has decided to launch a product which is user-friendly in nature and is easy to use. The user interface of the product is made simpler and attractive. According to Ginevicius, Podvezko and Ginevicius (2013), Apple has introduced launching of tools like power users and rookies to attract customers. This decision of Apple has made the product successful. The top management of the organization has understood the need for customer satisfaction. Apple has increased their number of service centers t provide the customers a better service. This activity of the organization was successful. In general, Apple does not invent any new product. The organization only reinvents the models which already exist. This activity of Apple has helped the customers to use the products easily (Bamigbola 2013). Apple has also developed a new strategy which is a nightmare for their competitors. In this new strategy, Apple are launching the idea of the product two years before its launch. Customers have t o order the products with a token money. This decision of Apple has paved a success story for the organization. Table 2: Success graph of Apple (Source: Apple 2016) Apple has sold of Pixar Graphics in the year 1986. Pixar Graphics used to make animated films. As stated by Helm and Gritsch (2014), top management of the organization has not understood the importance of animated films and has sold the hardware platform. Pixar Graphics in the latter stage has come out to be a successful hardware to produce animated products. Apple has always used Mac platform in their electronics device. Mac platform cannot be easily exchanged with other devices. The organization has not shown interest in changing the platform. This also was a severe problem for Apple. Apple has lost a lot of customers because of this issue. Apple has also experimented with Mac clones (Kim et al. 2014). This also proves to be disastrous for Apple. Innovative ideas New innovative ideas of Samsung Samsung has used technology to produce new products. Innovation with technology has placed Samsung is being placed in a new horizon with the help of technology. As stated by Onishi and Manchanda (2012), the speed of the RAM in the mobile phones has been increased to 4 Mbps. The screen of the mobile phone is made up Gorilla Glass and cannot be easily destroyed. Television screens are made of Curved which is an innovation in the sector of the television industry. Marketing activities are also reinvented to attract customers. The organization has also introduced online selling facility to sell their mobile phones. The app is also launched by Samsung where the customers can get the details of the product. Customers can also buy the product in this online app. All these have helped Samsung to market their products in a new horizon. Market Share of Samsung is also rising because of these new innovative ideas. Samsung has also promoted its product with the help of internet (Ozment 2015). Ev en kiosks are set up in shopping malls and restaurants where customers can have a glimpse of the new products. Smart phones have also helped Samsung to increase their market share. Innovation has helped Samsung to remain ahead of competitors. Table 3: Market Share of Samsung and Apple (Source: Samsung 2016) New innovative ideas of Apple Apple on the other does not believe in innovations. The motto of the organization is to redefine the old ideas and projects to create a new market. As stated by Pavlou and Stewart (2015), Apple has a well developed Windows platform which has made the products of Apple completely different from the others. The organization believes in turning on ordinary products to something beautiful. The products are made user-friendly, and this is an added advantage for the organization. The organization follows Premium pricing strategy for their customers. However in order to attract a lot of customers, the organization has also introduced market penetration pricing strategy. In market penetration pricing strategy the price of the products are kept low to attract customers. Marketing Activities Marketing activities of Samsung The main motto of Samsung is to promote its product in both national and international markets. Samsung has followed several strategies to attract customers. Channel marketing is an effective way for the marketing activities of the organization (Pistol and Bucea-Manea 2014). Dealers are mainly responsible for corporate sales. They also contact with the showrooms to open new kiosks out there. Samsung also gives different types of discount offer to increase their volume of sales. Website marketing strategy is used by the organization where the customers can get the details of the product from the internet. Samsung has also organized a survey from where the organization can get an idea of the requirement of the people. As stated by Rahmani, Emamisaleh and Yadegari (2015), the organization produces the product according to the requirement of the people. All these have helped Samsung to increase their sale. In different parts of the world Samsung has also made alliances with local producers to sell their product. This has helped the organization to start their new venture in remote corners of the world. Marketing activities of Apple Apple uses premium pricing strategy. The products of the Apple are produced mainly for the elite customers. The high pricing strategy of Apple increases the profit volume of the organization. The premium pricing strategy of Apple only occupies a smaller portion of the market. However, Apple is planning to launch products so that they can also attract other customers (Resnick et al. 2016). The price of the product will be kept relatively low. Apple has produced products which are of high quality and have fewer defects in the product. This has increased the loyalty of the customers. Distribution strategy of Apple is mainly done through selective distribution channels. The product of Apple is mainly sold through Apple stores and Apple outlets. Retail shops of Apple are also spread widely across the world. Retailers like Walmart and Best Buy also help Apple in selling their products (Rosohata 2012). However, the organization sells its products heavily through online Apple Stores. Apple has also linked up with online shopping companies like Amazon and Flip Kart to sell their products. Apple mainly promotes their products through the website of the organization and Apple Stores. Sales executive of the organization are also responsible for creating rapport with the customers and sell products (Waterschoot and Bulte 2012). The organization has also introduced brand ambassadors to promote their products. Famous personalities like film stars and athletes are the brand ambassador of the organization. Competitive advantage Competitive advantages of Samsung Samsung has a well developed Research and Development team. New equipment has also been installed in the laboratory of the Samsung to produce innovative products. As stated by Ahmed and Rahman (2015), the employee of the Samsung are experienced and well educated with latest technologies and softwares. The organization has also ventured into different markets through alliances with other organizations (Zeriti et al. 2014). This has helped Samsung to start their business activities in various parts of the world. The prices of the product are also kept low so that everyone can but their products. Advertising has also been a unique feature of Samsung. The organization promotes its product through massive advertising. Samsung also has an ability to develop a product within a short period of time. This has helped Samsung to spread its product in a wide region within a short period of time. Samsung has also changed the product according to the requirement of the customer. This has helped Sa msung to remain ahead of its competitors. Competitive advantage of Apple Apple main competitive advantage is their brand. Apple is the most valuable brand in the world and has millions of customers across the world. As stated by Azadi and Rahimzadeh (2012), the product of the Apple is simple and is user-friendly. This has helped Apple to remain a sustainable advantage over its competitors. The music system of Apple is unique and had created a revolution in the field of music systems. Integration is also another important feature of Apple. One of the unique competitive advantages of Apple is that it declares the launch of the product almost two years before its launch. This activity of Apple has helped Apple to remain a step ahead of its competitors. Conclusion In this assignment the researcher has discussed different decisions taken by the organization Samsung and Apple in the different period of time. The decisions have both a positive impact and negative impact on the business of the organizations. The market share of the organization are also evaluated by the researcher thoroughly. Innovative ideas and marketing strategies of Samsung have helped the organization to remain ahead of its competitors. Samsung believes in innovation whereas Apple believes in modifying their products according to the requirements. Apple has also kept their products simple, and the customers can easily operate the products. All these have helped both the organizations to remain in a competitive position in the electronics industry. 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